Electric flux is proportional to the total number of electric field lines going through a surface.Įlectric flux depends on the strength of electric field, E, on the surface area, and on the relative orientation of the field and surface. The density of these lines corresponds to the electric field strength, which could also be called the electric flux density: the number of “lines” per unit area. Note that field lines are a graphic illustration of field strength and direction and have no physical meaning. In pictorial form, this electric field is shown as a dot, the charge, radiating “lines of flux”. Gauss’s law states that the net electric flux through any hypothetical closed surface is equal to 1/ε 0 times the net electric charge within that closed surface. Gauss’s law involves the concept of electric flux, which refers to the electric field passing through a given area. Like Ampere’s law, which is analogous to magnetism, Gauss’ law is one of four Maxwell’s equations (the first) and thus fundamental to classical electrodynamics. Carl Friedrich Gauss, a German mathematician and physicist. Gauss’s law is useful method for determining electric fields when the charge distribution is highly symmetric. Gauss’s law involves the concept of electric flux, a measure of how much the electric field vectors penetrate through a given surface. In such special cases, Gauss’s law is easier to apply than Coulomb’s law. Gauss’ law and Coulomb’s law are different ways of describing the relation between charge and electric field in static situations. When the electric field, because of its symmetry, is constant everywhere on that surface and perpendicular to it, the exact electric field can be found. In its integral form, Gauss’s law relates the charge enclosed by a closed surface (often called as Gaussian surface) to the total flux through that surface. In electromagnetism, Gauss’s law, also known as Gauss’s flux theorem, relates the distribution of electric charge to the resulting electric field.
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